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Since I'm not a church historian, I'd be most grateful if someone could point me toward a brief and clear treatment of Gallicanism in the modern world, broadly speaking. By that I mean not just France and the French, but more particularly the way in which different countries, entities, and so forth, have claimed a say in Rome's appointment of bishops and archbishops; and by modern, I mean since Trent, or at least since about 1800. Though I'm primarily interested in Europe, it would be very helpful to look at colonial empires and post-colonial nations and states, such as those in Latin America, in Asia (such as the Philippines under both Spain and the US), and for that matter even Quebec under the French and later the British. I've been told that in 20th century Spain, at least under the Franco regime, appointment was pretty much done by Madrid, with Rome following along. I assume the situation has changed since Franco's departure, but I don't know. Did Salazar and his predecessors exercise such powers in pre-Republican Portugal? Even today in Switzerland, in only one of the country's six or seven dioceses, does Rome have an untrammeled right to appoint the bishop it wants, though the outside influence comes not from the federal government in Bern, but rather local cathedral chapters and sometimes local authorities. I don't need to know any of this in any detail, but it would be helpful to have some sense of how localism impinged on Rome in, say, 1750, 1800, 1850 and so on. I'd prefer the treatment in English, but could probably make do with French. Many thanks. Nicholas Clifford Middlebury College --
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