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IREMAM - University of Provence <iris_hersch@yahoo.ca> In the framework of a research on Sudanese history schoolbooks, I am interested in knowing more about the earliest uses of the term "Dervishes" to designate the Sudanese Mahdi (Muhammad Ahmad)'s followers. Does anyone know when this term was first employed, and by whom? Did General Charles George Gordon, while he was in Khartoum waiting for a relief column (1884), start using the term? Or did the term spread among British and European observers/historical actors earlier, as soon as the Mahdist revolution broke out and its partisans defeated various Turco-Egyptian forces (1881-1882)?
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